The Farewell Sermon

 The Farewell Sermon: The First Declaration of Social Justice

"O people! Remember! Satan has despaired of ever being worshiped in this city of yours. But he will be obeyed in your deeds which you despise. And he will be satisfied with that. So stay away from him for the sake of your religion and faith." These words of the farewell sermon were actually a summary of the teachings of the Holy Prophet. You were informing the Ummah of an extreme danger. But alas, alas!!! Later people considered it a good news! They understood that now since Satan will not be worshiped, it means that our religion and belief is safe forever. But the people could not understand the great danger that the Prophet (peace be upon him) had warned about by saying, "He will be obeyed in his deeds which you despise and he will be pleased with them." No attempt was made to block it. While the Prophet (peace be upon him) informed in clear words that there is a fear that your religion and faith will be threatened by these actions.

The question is, are these 'despicable deeds'? When there will be no 'worship' of the devil, then what are the values that are feared to be in jeopardy of religion and faith? Or what are the values that the devil hopes that if they are removed from the Muslim society, the devil will succeed in his goal?

The Hajj Farewell Sermon was not just for the few people who were there. Rather, it was a comprehensive introduction to Islam. There were many companions who were probably seeing the Prophet ﷺ for the first and last time in their lives. The Prophet ﷺ had also said, "Falibigh al-Shahid al-Ghayb" that "those who are present must convey this message to those who are not here." As if this sermon of the Prophet ﷺ was a brief introduction to Islam. He presented it to millions of people and ordered them to convey it to all others. Let's see what was the concept of Islam that the Prophet ﷺ presented to the people on the occasion of Hajj Al-Wada? Or that in what manner did the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) introduce Islam to the people?

Sermon of the Prophet ﷺ in the Farewell Hajj

01 Dhul-Hijjah. Year 01 Hijri. You ﷺ are riding your special camel 'Qaswa'. Arafat is the field. More than 100,000 people are standing in front of the Sahaabah. The Prophet (peace be upon him) gave a detailed sermon on this occasion. The summary of all these narrations is that "Remember that your blood and wealth are forbidden to each other, just like the sanctity of your day, the sanctity of this month, and the sanctity of this city of yours." . Until you meet your Lord… BEWARE!!! Do not oppress one another. Beware!!! A Muslim man's wealth is not lawful (for another) except that he gives it of his own free will. Whoever has a trust should deliver it to the person to whom it is entrusted. The interest of ignorance is invalid. The first usury with which I begin is the usury of my uncle Abbas bin Abd al-Muttalib. All the blood of Jahiliyyah is void. The first blood with which I begin is the blood of Amir bin Rabi'ah bin Al-Harith bin Abdul Muttalib...O people! Undoubtedly, your women have a right over you, and you have a right over them... The women you have are destitute. They do not have any authority for themselves. Fear Allah concerning women...do not become disbelievers after me, that one of you may strike the neck of another. I have left between you that which, if you hold on to it, you will not go astray after that. . That is the Book of Allah and my Sunnah... O people! There is no doubt that your Lord is One, and there is no doubt that your Father is also One. You are all descendants of Adam, and Adam was made of clay. In the sight of Allah, the greatest among you is the one who is most pious. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab except piety... O people! Allah has determined the share of each inheritor in the inheritance... until the end.

A fascinating and comprehensive picture of Islam

The overall concept of Islam that was born in your mind from this sermon is actually the 'real introduction to Islam'. This is the image of Islam that should be imprinted on the heart of any non-Muslim. And this is only possible when the Muslims themselves have engraved this charming and beautiful image on their hearts. An Islamic society. Social Justice of Islam - the moral values that continue to be forgotten in the society - both material and spiritual. Foundations of Islamic values. These values can be defined in different terms. "Al Hurriya" (Freedom). "Al-Adala" (Justice). Human Dignity. "Al-Masawa" (Equality). Syed Qutb writes, "Islam establishes social justice on some strong and stable foundations. Rather than leaving it as an abstract invitation or a vague statement, he also provides specific means and resources for achieving these goals. Islam is a practical religion. Islam is not a religion that is limited to education and exhortation in the world of concepts.

Social Justice in Islam

Social Justice in Islam. The more important the subject, the more neglected it is. Whenever it comes to the moral values of Islam, they are understood and explained as an extra or desirable thing, whereas they are a very important part of Islam itself. Estimate their importance from the fact that these moral values of Islam actually present a comprehensive concept and introduction to Islam. Whenever the Prophet ﷺ or the companions of the Prophet ﷺ introduced Islam as a whole, they presented it with reference to these values. Today we have reduced their value. We do not give them the importance that they should be given. Today, although there are no Satan worshipers in this land, it is a fact that as a result of trampling the 'fundamental moral values of Islam' and the system of 'social justice of Islam', a Religion and faith are in danger. On the other hand, the devil is happy that he is being obeyed with full force without knowing it.

The topic is very important. Its importance demands that the values which Islam declares as the basis of social justice should be understood in detail. Also, it should be seen how the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave a very clear approach to these values in the farewell sermon. I have given guidance. And it has been emphasized to protect these values. In this regard, we will also see some verses of the Holy Quran which will explain the problem further. Different scholars have tried to explain the foundations of social justice in Islam in their own way under some terms. The most systematic approach in this regard is that of Syed Qutb, which he has adopted in his precious book, Al-Adalat al-Saqquliya fi al-Islam. The terms used by Syed Qutb are very appropriate and easy to understand, so I will use the same terms in my discussion.

According to Syed Qutb, the Islamic system of social justice is based on three basic principles:

                    1. Absolute Freedom of Conscience

                    2. Indiscriminate Human Equality

                    3. A Solid and Sustainable Collective Support System

freedom of conscience; (Freedom of Conscience)

           No concept of social justice can be understood unless individuals have beliefs that support that social justice. At the same time, the external conditions must be such that the establishment of this justice can be practically possible. Otherwise, he is deprived of the guarantees of justice and equality that the theoretical laws give to the individual under economic pressure. This is the reason why a fundamental principle of 'human equality' as well as 'freedom of conscience' has been established. Syed Qutb writes, "If the feeling of freedom is also driven behind equality and it is supported by the law, then its feeling is equally prominent in both the weak and the strong." In the weak, this concept of equality appears as 'elevation' and in the strong, it appears as humility." 7 Islam has not left the feeling of freedom by simply teaching Rather, this sense of freedom has been made a fundamental principle of Islamic society by the Islamic faith.

Freedom from non-Allah

   The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) began his conversation on the occasion of the farewell Hajj by saying, “There is no god but Allah, He has no partner, to Him belongs the kingdom, to Him are all praises, to Him is the source of good.” Yes, He burns and kills, and He is the One who has power over all things. As long as one person continues to be the god of other people, the question of human freedom does not arise. If man does not stop worshiping other human beings like himself or their idols or their graves, then he will continue to enslave other human beings like himself, even if he does not realize it. To regard a human being as the source of goodness, worthy of perfect praise, is a reflection of the encroachment on the freedom of conscience of other human beings. As long as people continue to think that my life and death are in the hands of another person, human freedom will continue to be violated.

Surah Al-Ikhlas was called by the Prophet ﷺ as 'Thulat al-Qur'an' which means one-third of the Holy Qur'an. The peculiarity of the surah is that it presents 'human freedom' in a very strong manner. "Human freedom" or "freedom of conscience" is one of the three foundations of social justice in Islam and, in this sense, one-third of the messages of the Holy Qur'an.

Say: Allah is One * Allah is the Eternal * He did not give birth and He did not beget * And He did not have anyone. (Surah Al-Ikhlas)

Say, He is Allah, the One. Allah is the most needy and all are in need of Him. He does not have any children nor is he the child of anyone. And there is no one like him

Protection of dignity and honor

                   The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) announced in the sermon of Hajj Al-Wadaa "Beware!!! O people! Indeed, your blood, your property and wealth, your honor and reputation are honorable and respectable for each other. The same sanctity that this day of yours (the day of sacrifice), this month of yours (the month of Hajj), this city of yours (Makkah al-Mukarmat) has. Until you meet your Lord. Understand well! Do not oppress and oppress each other." Unless a person's honor and dignity is protected by other human beings or he is in danger of losing his honor and dignity, he can never exercise the right to freedom of conscience. Only the principle of human freedom will be of practical use to him, no matter how much freedom the theoretical laws give him. This is the reason why Islam is especially concerned that a person should not harm the honor and dignity of another person. He could not violate his dignity. The strong statement of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is clearly showing the concern of Islam. Playing with someone's honor is like violating the sanctity of the city of Makkah. The fear of losing one's status also takes away one's freedom. Allah the Lord of the worlds says:

  "Say God! Owner of the country! So the government gives to whomever it wants and takes away from whomever it wants. He honors whomever He wills and humiliates whomever He wills. Goodness is in your power. Verily, He is Able to do all things.

After being aware of this decree of Allah Almighty, no Muslim is allowed to trade his freedom or freedom in exchange for status. He should adopt an attitude of arrogance, look down on others and lay hands on their freedom.

  Syed Qutb writes, "As soon as the conscience of human servants is freed from slavery and is filled with the constant consciousness of Allah, it becomes elevated from all kinds of dangers and concerns in terms of life and wealth and dignity." The reality is that these fears and threats are very deadly. They undermine the self-respect of a person...Islam gives great importance to the fact that the right kind of self-reliance and self-respect should be nurtured in people and they should be guardians and protectors of the establishment of justice and fairness. Islam wants to guarantee the establishment of a complete and absolute social justice in addition to the law in which no human being transgresses his limits.

Freedom from the fear of poverty

                  The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said in the sermon of Hajj Al-Wadaa, "The wealth of a Muslim is not permissible for another except what he gives of his own free will." Can't take it away. The capitalist cannot suck the blood of the weak on the tail of his capital. The owner of the field cannot deprive the farmer of his rightful right who has worked hard in the field throughout the year. Employers are not authorized to deduct the wages of workers on the pretext of high unemployment. This is what is happening in our society today. In the current corona crisis, many people have become unemployed. Taking unfair advantage of this, the employers have reduced the salaries, they know that there will be people working on low wages. Why not die! People are forced to settle for less than what they deserve. But Islam does not allow this rigging and oppression at all.

                 Syed Qutb explains, "The Qur'an tells us that the fear of poverty is actually the result of a satanic whisper that weakens our nature and wants to rob us of the precious attributes of self-confidence, self-reliance and trust in Allah."

Shaytaan promises you poverty and commands you to commit adultery, and Allah promises you forgiveness and grace, and Allah is All-Knowing. (Surat al-Baqarah, verse number 268)

"Satan threatens you with poverty and encourages you to behave shamefully, but Allah gives you hope of His forgiveness and grace." Allah is Most Generous and Wise.

It cannot be right that earning a living should force people to bow down. Sustenance is in the hands of Allah alone. This thought strengthens the heart. Strengthens the conscience... The result is that now dangers and fears cannot prevent one from maintaining his independence and self-respect and demanding his rightful rights, nor can they persuade him not to sacrifice his livelihood. For the sake of giving, he should give up his real salary or his dignity

Freedom from the cruel yoke of usury

                 Usury is a germ that completely destroys the main foundation of any society (social justice). The biggest obstacle in the path of social justice is usurious business and usurious transactions. The scourge of usury undermines all three foundations of 'social justice' simultaneously. (This is not an imaginary thing, it is a painful reality of the present world. The real motive of the lender on interest is that the borrower will never be satisfied.) (could not pay the money and they constantly suck his blood.) His 'freedom of conscience and human freedom' is also at stake. In a society where usury runs, 'perfect human equality' can never be seen. Usury-takers and usury-givers are themselves two classes in which equality can never be established. Speaking of 'mutual cooperation', who helps each other where there is a practice of lending on interest? There is only one language spoken and understood and that is the language of interest. This is the reason why the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) declared very clearly in the sermon of Hajj Al-Wadaa, “The usury of ignorance is invalid, and the first usury with which I initiate [this abrogation] is the usury of my uncle Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib. Of... Know that everything of ignorance is under my feet.”

Freedom from the worship of material values

                 Islam is not against material values but it refuses to consider these material values as the only collective value. In the Holy Quran, Surah Al-Kahf, Allah Ta'ala has explained this problem in great detail. On the one hand, Allah Almighty has declared wealth and children as the adornment of the world. Al-Maal and Banun Zainat al-Haiyat al-Duniya. (Surah Al-Kahf, Verse No. 46) But at the same time, an incident has been mentioned in which a person was called a polytheist, who did not commit shirk to God in any clear sense, but because he was a pure materialist. He had given Qadr (abundance in wealth) the place in his mind and consciousness which is special for Allah Ta'ala as if he considered this one material value to be a partner of Allah Ta'ala. The Qur'an considered this act of his as 'Shirk-i-Billah' and not only severely reprimanded him, but also punished him in this world, which is mentioned in the Surah. (Surah Al-Kahf, Verses 32-43)

Syed Qutb writes, "It is very difficult to avoid the worship of communal values. These are values that are based on wealth, prestige, and lineage. Although they can neither benefit nor harm a person. Therefore, when the intuition is influenced by any of these values, its freedom is also taken away to the extent of this impression. And in front of the people who get these things, he loses the consciousness of real equality." 11 The Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, said in a very clear way in the sermon of Hajj Al-Wida, "O people! There is no doubt that your Lord is One, and there is no doubt that your Father is also One. You are all descendants of Adam, and Adam was made of clay. In the sight of Allah, the greatest among you is the one who is most pious."

Thus, Islam gives these values the same place that should be in the life of a human being. Not that he should completely deny these material values, that he would have to fight against his own nature, as did those who adopted monasticism. It is not that he starts to attach so much importance to these material values that it affects his own freedom or that he starts to consider himself inferior to those people who are ahead of him in terms of these material values and thus his freedom. Bargained. 21

Freedom from the shackles of self

The Prophet ﷺ announced during the farewell sermon of Hajj, “O people! listen! All the blood of Jahiliyyah, wealth, and relics of Jahiliyyah (family heirlooms) are nullified under my feet till the Day of Resurrection. Apart from Sadana (watching and guarding the Kaaba) and Saqayyah (giving water to the pilgrims), all positions of pride and arrogance are removed due to ignorance. You can judge it from the fact that the war was going on for years and sometimes even for several generations for the revenge of one blood. The entire tribe was ready to die for tribal pride. Why was all this? Didn't he himself hate this bloodshed? It is obvious who would prefer that instead of peace, the battlefield is hot, children are orphaned and wives are becoming widows. But the slavery of the self is bad because it makes a person blind and deaf. Once a person is trapped in the bondage of self, he is forced to live like a slave. His freedom is taken away from him. This is the reason why the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered the people trapped in the bondage of self to burn it to ashes forever. No tribal pride remained. No place was kept in Islam for tribalism. Neither did those who followed the self have any part in Islam.

Assess the importance of freedom from the torture of the self from the fact that the Prophet (peace be upon him) further said in the same sermon, "O people! Credit is excess in disbelief. Those who disbelieve are led astray by declaring it halal one year, and making it haram in another year, in order to complete the number of months which Allah has made haram. He knew that moving months back and forth was wrong, but he used to do it unhesitatingly in pursuit of self. Why? Because they were slaves to the self. They could not get freedom from the self. The Prophet (peace be upon him) declared in clear words that disbelief is self-disbelief, Nasi is also the name of transgressing the limit. So now all the ways of self-slavery are blocked. What is wrong is wrong no matter how much the self incites. In the same way, what is right is right no matter how hard it is on the self.

  The concept of freedom, Islam versus the West

         This was a small glimpse of the concept of freedom that Islam gives to human beings. It is called 'human freedom'. It is called 'true freedom'. Not the freedoms that 'civilized countries' give to their citizens. Where is the so-called theoretical freedom depending on some points and the false slogans raised in its name and where is this perfect, comprehensive concept of freedom that is directly related to practical life. Shatan ma benhama. The good thing about Islam is that its collective values like laws do not require police, army and force. Every human being internalizes the concept of freedom so deeply that it does not feel the need of any external pressure.

          Keep aside this comprehensive concept of freedom which guarantees complete freedom to consciousness and intuition which is not only based on concepts and theoretical values, nor is it only supported by economic and material arrangements, but it is based on both these bases at the same time. Based on On the other hand, look at the points that are found in the existing laws related to freedom. Freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of movement, freedom of residence and freedom to adopt any profession. I am not particularly surprised by those who limit the meaning of freedom so narrowly. It is obvious that when a person makes the law himself, he can hardly make anything good out of it. However, I must be surprised at those people who are Muslims, are also 'intellectuals'. But they try to prove from the Qur'an and Hadith that the meaning of freedom given by the West is the same in Islam. Islam also gives the freedom of such and such and such thing. These are the so-called intellectuals. He studied western sciences but did not study Islam properly. Therefore, they try their best to somehow prove that what the West said is also in the Qur'an. The summary of their words is that Islam had given all these rights earlier. The West is now going somewhere and giving those rights. While it is a fact that even now the West has not been able to give the concept of human freedom that Islam has given. May Allah grant them a correct understanding of Islam.

Human Equality

         Syed Qutb writes, "After the liberation of the conscience of man, all the essentials of true equality have come together one by one. Man's conscience and conscience became completely free and freed from all suspicion of slave mentality. Man has become free from poverty and humiliation, suffering and fear of death, realizing that nothing can happen without God's permission. He also emerged from the pressure of social and economic values. He raised himself above his own desires and moods and turned towards this unique and unique creator towards whom all servants and masters turn. Now all the essentials of true equality have been provided and equality is embedded in the veins of man. Human conscience no longer needs someone to raise literal slogans of equality for it. Because having formed such a disposition, he will now refuse to tolerate those distinctions which are based only on social and economic grounds. Under this concept of equality, he will now stand up as a student of his rights and when he gets those rights, he will spare no effort to protect them. He will make sacrifices for them, endure hardships and fight every attack that will be made on his rights." 31

         The concept of equality in Islam is as comprehensive, perfect, stable and practical as the freedom of mankind. In this regard, we will discuss three topics. The supremacy of one nation over another nation, the supremacy of the master over the slave and the supremacy of the man over the woman in the light of the Farewell Sermon of the Holy Prophet.

The supremacy of one nation over another

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) announced on the occasion of Hajj Al-Wadaa, “O people! Beware! An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab and a non-Arab has no superiority over an Arab, nor does a black have any superiority over a white or a white over a black. Most of the riots that have broken out in large parts of the world in recent years have been due to the fact that some people thought they were superior to other peoples, with the result that human equality was violated and there was a terrible persecution. The era has begun. In Germany, Hitler claimed the supremacy of the 'Nazi' party and the blood of Jews was halal. In America, white people considered themselves superior and millions of black people were exploited for centuries. In Italy, Mussolini created the 'National Fascist Party' and the right to live was taken away from all other people. Dalits and other backward classes have been oppressed in India for the last centuries because of this reason. He has considered himself superior to others. Somewhere behind the problems that are present in India, the political defendant of 'Hindutva' is the reason that they consider themselves superior to other nations living in the country.

  There is no precedent in history to which Islam has brought man to the height of humanity. This was the high point from which humanity fell in later periods. The Quran destroyed all the foundations on which national pride is built. Accordingly, the claim of royal blood is invalid. There is no such distinction among human beings. The Qur'an clearly says:

(Surat Al-Mursalaat, Verse No. 20)

"Didn't We create you from a wretched water?"

The idea of being a son or daughter of Allah is also absurd. Because Allah did not create any generation.

  He did not give birth and he did not give birth * And he did not give birth * (Surah Al-Ikhlas, verse no. 3-4)

"Neither does Allah have any children nor is He the child of anyone. And there is no partner of Allah.

The Qur'an has also repeatedly declared that Muhammad himself is a servant of Allah and a human being just like ordinary people, so that in the future, high and low among people will not take root on this basis.

Say, ``I am not a human being like you, but I am your God.''

"O Muhammad ﷺ! Say that I am a human being like you, it is revealed to me that your God is only one God.

Superiority of the master over the slave

On that day, the Holy Prophet said in very clear words in front of the congregation of 200,000, "Beware!!! slave! Your slave! Be kind to them. Feed them also of what you eat. Put on them what you wear. If they commit a sin which you see that you cannot forgive, then servants of Allah! Sell them. Do not punish them severely. I bequeath you to be kind to the slave girls who are under your control. So feed and clothe them with what you eat and clothe. On the one hand, look at this model of human equality, on the other hand, see how many free people were enslaved by the colonial powers from one region 'Caribbean' only during the period of 1450-1870. Britain imported sixteen and a half million slaves, France sixteen million, and the Dutch government around five million slaves. Most of them, he made them suffer terrible wars in different regions of the world for the purpose of fulfilling their colonial goals. Their settlements were separate, their workplaces were separate, they were not even allowed to sit in the bus and even if they were allowed to sit on some reserved seats at the end of the bus. Similarly, Dalits in India were not allowed to use water from common wells, they were assigned certain tasks which were passed down from family to family and they were not even allowed to do whatever they wanted. Get a job.

This was the tradition of ancient times, even in today's 'civilized world' the way employees working in big firms are exploited is unspeakable. When the employees are hired on the principles of supply and demand, it is obvious that the owner of the firm (who will have a capitalist mindset) will never give them their full rights. Nor will they ever be able to raise their voice for their rights. Now you should once again look at the statement of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he gave in the sermon of Hajj Al-Wadaa regarding slaves and compare it with the past and the present of other nations of the West and East. You will understand the difference between 'divine law' and 'human law'. You will understand very well what is the difference between the principles and laws of real social justice and the so-called slogans of human rights.

Male superiority over female

In the sermon of Hajj al-Wada, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) talked about the relationship between men and women in the most detailed way. "O people! You have a right over your women, and they have a right over you. Your right over them is not to put someone else in your bed that you dislike, and it is also their duty not to commit indecency. If they do so, then Allah has permitted you to separate from them in the bedrooms, and beat them in a way that is not severe. If they refuse, according to the constitution, their bread and sustenance is their right. Treat women well, that they are your servants. They are like captives, they do not have any authority over themselves, and your status is that you have made their affairs lawful with the words of Allah. O people! Consider my word that I have preached."

Syed Qutb has given a very comprehensive and enlightening discussion on this subject. It is appropriate to quote the main points of their conversation here. He writes, "Islam has defined women as a gender completely equal to men." He has allowed only such superiority which is made up of natural ability, ability, responsibility and skill...wherever natural ability, responsibility and skill are the same, both are given equal status. Therefore, both spiritually and religiously are equal. Both are equal in terms of the right of ownership and the right to make financial dispositions. Islam has also guaranteed the woman that the marriage will be done only with her permission and her will. Islam has protected the rights of spouses in dowry and nikah or other matters arising after divorce. It has given women the right to work and earn a living when necessary, but at the same time, Islam has kept the right of care and guardianship for her in the family." 41

The objections raised by Western intellectuals on Islam regarding women, although they have no weight and the Buddhistness of these objections is obvious, but it would be appropriate to mention their short answers here for the public's clarification. Syed Qutb writes, "If a man is given twice the inheritance of a woman, the reason for this is the burden of responsibilities that the man has to bear." Because in the form of marriage, the man is responsible for the maintenance of the woman, and if the woman stays or becomes a widow, the inherited property comes in handy. The reason why a man is 'dominant' over a woman is the ability and skill that is required for domestication. Maternal responsibilities tend to emphasize the passive and emotional element of women, while the thoughtfulness and prudence side of men is more dominant. Then the man is also responsible for bearing the expenses. And the deep connection of the financial aspect with the state is obvious. Thus citizenship is a right versus a duty. As for the issue of testimony, even there, as mentioned, the emotional and passivity of a woman remains as strong as the habit of worry and worry in a man, as a requirement of the nature of motherhood.

Syed Qutb answers one of the last questions of the West in a very interesting way: "France has given women the full right to indecency and obscenity, openly and secretly in every way." This last 'right' is the only 'right' from which Islam has deprived women because it has also deprived men of this 'right'. As the exact requirement of man's consciousness and feeling, his self-respect and his nobility and also so that sexual relations can be raised from the level that they are just the connection of two bodies which is not considered by the family. It is related to building and not related to building a house." 61

While ending the conversation, Syed Qutb writes a very valuable thing: "Islam, while granting a woman her material and spiritual rights, actually puts her 'human' attribute in front of her and in this way, he upholds his theory of 'Oneness of Man'." Pays full right. Islam, like the West, has not given these rights and guarantees under any material economic pressure. In fact, the purpose of Islam elevates the woman to the level that she remains the 'half of the self'." 71 What a charming statement of the Holy Qur'an:

And from the verses that He created for you from yourselves mates so that you may obey Him and He made love and mercy between you. (Surah al-Rum, verse no. 21)

"One of the signs of Allah is that He created for you wives from your own sex so that you may find peace with them and He created love and mercy between you."

Mutual co-ordination; (Collective Support System)

The third foundation of social justice in Islam is 'mutual cooperation'. So far we have seen how Islam ennobles an individual with complete freedom of conscience and the blessing of human equality. But these values of freedom and equality can have a positive impact on a society only within a limit. If these limits are transgressed, these values will certainly prove harmful to the society, society or community. Therefore, it is important to set a limit for them. So that the freedom of one person does not collide with another person, nor does it come under the cover of the interest of the party. The principle of reciprocity is actually to protect against this conflict. According to Syed Qutb, "Islam presents the principle of 'individual responsibility' against 'individual freedom' and places 'collective responsibility' on its side, which is the responsibility of both the individual and the community. We call this responsibility by the name of 'mutual cooperation'

         The Prophet (peace be upon him) explained some very important issues in the farewell sermon. "Whoever kills someone intentionally, he should be punished, and whoever is killed with a stick or stone is also ordered to kill intentionally, there is a punishment of a hundred camels. So whoever transgresses in it, it is a matter of ignorance." The Prophet (peace be upon him) further said, "The child belongs to the one on whose bed it is born, and the adulterer is a stone."

         These orders of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) present the principle of mutual cooperation in front of us with great merit. All the punishments in Islam are under the same principle. And the punishments are kept severe for that reason. In order to ensure the protection of life, wealth and dignity of every member of the congregation. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) has described the punishment for killing someone intentionally as Qisas so that every member of the congregation can learn from it. He should realize that if he misuses his freedom and obstructs the interests of the party, he will be deprived of his rights under the principle of mutual cooperation. The adulterer will also lose his freedom. He abuses the honor and reputation of others, so it is the responsibility of the community to punish him severely so that this evil can be remedied and such evils do not take root in the society.

The individual and his self

This principle of mutual cooperation works between the individual and his self, the individual and his family, the individual and the community. Every person also has a 'Nafs Luwama'. Its job is to keep an eye on that person. On the one hand, this person has his own freedom, on the other hand, it is his self that keeps him under control, thus this principle of collective takaful is also effective within a person. Allah says in the Holy Quran:

وَنَفْسٍ َوَمَا سَوَّهَا* فَاِلْهِ فَجْرَّهَ وَتَقَّهَا* َقدْ عفلَحَ مَن زَقَّهَا* َ َقَدْ خَابَ َمَدَاَّهَا. (Surat al-Shams, verse no. 7-10)

"The oath is of the self and of the fact that it was made correct and the recognition of virtue and piety was created in it. He who purifies it (the soul) has succeeded and he who has defiled it has failed.”

The individual and his family

Mutual family support also plays a major role in a person's life. In fact, the work of keeping the family together is also done by this system of mutual cooperation so that a family proves to be a good brick of its society. A big hand in the failure of Communism is also that it denied the importance of the family and sought to break the family system, resulting in not even a good society. One of them is the transfer of inheritance, which the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) referred to during the farewell sermon. "O people! In the inheritance, Allah Almighty has determined the share of each heir. And the will is not permissible for the heir. And a will is not permissible for more than one-third.” The authority to make a will is given by the Sharia so that if a member of the family who is close but is missing and it is also desired to keep him connected with the family, his rights I can make a will. Also because if someone wants to spend some part of his wealth for the welfare of the society, then there is a possibility for him to do so.

The individual and the community

  In this regard, many responsibilities fall on an individual under the principle of mutual cooperation. Every person is obliged to do the work he is responsible for. The divine statement is:

And say, "Do, and explain to Allah your deeds, and His Messenger, and the believers." (Surat al-Tawbah, verse 105)

  "O Prophet! Say to these people that you act, Allah and this Messenger and the believers will all see what your behavior is.

Similarly, each person has to look after the interests of the community as if he himself has been made responsible for it.

  And fear Fitnah, and do not judge the oppressors especially among you. (Surah Al-Anfal, verse number 25)

"Beware of the temptation which will not be confined exclusively to those among you who have sinned."

  Everyone living in the society is both a watcher and a watched one at the same time. The Prophet said:

All of you are shepherds and all of you are responsible for your subjects. 91

  "Each one of you is a watchman and he has to be accountable for those under his watch."

Mutual cooperation between the members of the society within the limits of goodness and reputation is the exact requirement and a mandatory duty for the welfare of the society. Allah Ta'ala says:

And help in righteousness and piety, and do not help in iniquity and iniquity. (Surat al-Maida, verse 2)

  "Cooperate with everyone in the works that are good and God-fearing. And do not cooperate with anyone in what is sinful.”

One of the requirements of mutual cooperation is that each person will be questioned separately regarding the order and if he does not perform this duty, he will be declared guilty.

They said, "I have not taken away from the worshipers, nor have I taken advantage of the poor."

"The question will be, what took you to hell?" They will say we were not among those who prayed, and did not feed the poor."

Bringing the conversation to an end, Syed Qutb writes, "Islam gives complete freedom to an individual to the extent that that freedom is neither harmful to him nor an obstacle in the way of the Jamaat." He also gives the Jamaat its full rights, but at the same time makes it responsible for many responsibilities in comparison to these rights, so that life continues on its smooth path and ultimately reaches these lofty goals. , whose seekers and strivers are both the party and the individual equally

Alarm bell

  While giving the farewell sermon for Hajj, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) after telling all the things that have been mentioned above, said, "Do not become disbelievers after me and return to your former ways, so that one of you starts hitting the necks of others." Therefore I leave among you that which, if you hold fast, you will not go astray after it, and that is the Book of Allah and my Sunnah. Are we not killing each other's necks today? Isn't today one of the word goers made the blood of other word goers lawful for themselves? Hasn't one 'Muslim' country become an enemy of another 'Muslim' country today? Aren't our 'Muslim' countries falling one by one into the lap of Israel, the biggest enemy of Islam? And in this way, aren't those 'Muslim' countries taking the blood of our brothers who were martyred in Palestine on their heads? Indeed. This is happening. It is very sad to say, but this is a fact. The Prophet (PBUH) explained the principles of social justice in great detail. But in the end, he also presented a picture of social oppression that if social justice is not established on the right principles, social oppression will continue. Muslims will be cutting each other's throats. Today we are going through the same worst situation.

What are the precious values that we have taken for granted?

  The question is, what is the reason for this? The Book of Allah is among us. Sunnah of the Prophet before us. Yet how are we getting so far from the right path? My Prophet (peace be upon him) warned during the sermon, "O people! Verily Satan has despaired that he will ever be worshiped in this land of yours. But He is pleased that He will be obeyed in other things, which you will despise. "What are these things? This is the system of social justice of Islam." These are the foundations and principles of social justice in Islam which we have discussed in detail above. What the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) explained in his sermon on the occasion of Hajj Al-Wadaa with full clarity and intensity, we were so ignorant that we forgot it. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was worried that Muslims would not think of Islam as a form of worship, so he (pbuh) warned about the danger that Satan would not be worshiped, but he would still be obeyed. Too bad! We did not consider this sentence. It was not good news. There was a warning.

  Gradually, the collective system of justice and justice and Islam continued to disappear from the society. People were drunk in the pooja pot. On the basis of social justice, the enemy continued to wield the ax and we remained strangers. There was no decrease in the recitation of the verses of the Qur'an, but as it became difficult for us to follow them, we began to give other meanings to these verses. Today, a large part of the Qur'an is not recited with the intention of action. Is not taught. What else can be gained by reciting the verses regarding social justice in Islam except blessing. Verses commanding qiyam-bal-qast, verses explaining the importance of human freedom and freedom of conscience, verses related to Iqamah deen and Jihad for the sake of Allah are read today either for verbal accumulation or to explain the lexical composition. Their purpose other than that is not understood by the readers now and how come centuries have passed in this way. Remember! These verses are not single verses, but most of the Holy Qur'an consists of these verses