History or Preface of India with pics

History or Preface of India,

India or Republic of India or Republic of India is a country located in South Asia. It has given an opportunity to different religions to settle here since ancient times. India is the second largest
country in the world in terms of population and in this sense it is also called the largest democracy in the world. India's 1.35 billion people speak more than 100 languages. India is bordered by Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east, Bhutan, China and Nepal to the north, and Pakistan to the west, and the Indian Ocean to the southeast and southwest of India. It is also the closest country to Sri Lanka, Maldives. India's Nicobar and Andaman Islands are bordered by Thailand and Indonesia.
Some western parts of India were in ancient times the centers of the Indus Valley, which has been world famous since ancient times for its trade and lucrative empire. The four most popular religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, originated in the same country, while Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in its infancy, leaving an indelible mark on the region's culture. ۔ The East India Company's occupation of the area gradually began in the 18th century, and after the War of Independence in 1857, direct British rule was established.
India's economy is currently the seventh largest in terms of GDP and the third largest in terms of purchasing power (PPP). The economic reforms of 1991 have made it one of the fastest growing economies in the world and it is almost An industrialized country. However, the country still suffers from poverty, corruption, food and health problems. Equipped with nuclear weapons, the country is a powerful country in the region, with a third largest military force in the world and the sixth largest in terms of defense spending. India is a federal republic with 29 states and 7 federal territories under a parliamentary system. India is a multilingual, religious, cultural and ethnic society. The country is also rich in many species of wildlife.
Name base [edit]                                  

The area east of the Indus River was called Hind by Arab historians. Allama Iqbal's famous national anthem begins with the words "All the best Indians are ours". Another name for it is India. The river Indus got its name from India. In the past, this region was commonly called India or Bharat. After independence, the country's official name was India, [6] however, its English name is used in all world languages.
Historically, India is also known as Karma Bhoomi, Tapu Bhoomi and Punya Bhoomi. [7]
History [edit]
The Indian subcontinent remained a country in only three periods. One during the reign of Chandragupta Morya, the other during the Mughal period and the third during the British period. The Mughal Empire was relatively large during the reign of Aurangzeb Alamgir. During the British rule, the empire was slightly smaller than during the Mughal period. Apart from these three periods, India (present day India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) has always been divided into numerous smaller states. For most of its millennial history, India has been divided into smaller states. Stone painting in India began 40,000 years ago. The first permanent settlements came into being 9,000 years ago. These local populations developed and gave birth to the Indus Basin Civilization. This civilization was at its peak from the 26th century BC to the 19th century BC and was one of the largest civilizations of its time. But even at that time it was never called India but remained known as Sindh. The subcontinent was for a long time divided into Sindh and India.
There are two theories about the future. The first theory was put forward by Max Mرller. Accordingly, in about the fifteenth century BC, the Aryans began to invade India from the northwest. The Aryans became invaders and spread by force. But a few Aryans gradually spread in the area without the use of force and the Vedic civilization was born out of the connection and exchange of views between the Aryans and the local Dravidians. The second theory is that the Aryan / Vedic people were natives of India who flourished after the demise of the Dravidian civilization.
In the seventh century, the Arabs invaded and occupied the western part of the subcontinent, Sindh. Many people had converted to Islam before that and after the Arab occupation, the locals converted very quickly. Then in the thirteenth century the Turks invaded India and occupied northern India. In the sixteenth century, the Mughals invaded India and gradually became the rulers of all India. Even before the Mughal invasion, a large number of locals in India were Muslims.
In the 19th century, the British subjugated the Mughals and thus became the rulers of India. After the treason of 1857, the government moved from the company to the British Crown. From 1876 onwards, the British kings also got the title of Emperor of India. The British rulers used their 'divide and rule' policy to take over the country. By making British production cheaper and local production more expensive, the local industry was harmed and thus money from India went to Britain. Much of India's independence movement was against racial discrimination and subordinate trade policy.
Map of India      
                           
India gained independence from Britain in 1947 under the leadership of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Abul Kalam Azad, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Subhash Chandra Bose by launching a mostly non-violent movement against the British Raj. India was divided into two new countries, Pakistan and India.
In 1962, India fought a war with China over disputed territories. In 1965, India fought a war with Pakistan over Kashmir. In 1971, there was a civil war in Pakistan and Indian intervention in it. As a result, Bangladesh came into being.
The last few years have seen an increase in Indian investment and production. Nevertheless, the main issues facing India are Kashmir dispute with Pakistan, overpopulation, environmental pollution, poverty, religious and ethnic differences.
Politics [edit]
India is a democratic country. India is a union of 29 states (provinces) and centrally administered territories with a federal structure. The head of state of India is the President of India. The President and Vice President of India are elected for a five-year term.
In India, the administrative power is with the cabinet. The prime minister is the head of the cabinet. The president appoints the prime minister nominated by the majority party / parties in parliament. Then on the advice of the Prime Minister
Other ministers are appointed
States of India     


1.Andhra Pradesh 2 Arunachal Pradesh  3 Assam  4 Bihar, Chhattisgarh  5 Goa  6 Gujarat 7 Haryana 8 Himachal Pradesh 9 Jammu and Kashmir 10 Jharkhand 11 Karnataka 12 Kerala 13 Madhya Pradesh 14 Maharashtra 15 Manipur 16 Meghalaya 17 Mizoram 18 Nagaland 19 Odisha  20 Punjab Rajasthan  21 Sikkim 22 Tamil Nadu  23 Telangana 24 Tripura 25 Uttar Pradesh 26 Uttarakhand  27 West Bengal.

Centrally Administered Territories

A. Andaman and Nicobar Islands  .B. Chandigarh . C. Dadra and Nagar Haveli  .D. Daman and Deo  .E. Lakshadweep . F. National Capital Territory of Delhi . G. Pandi Cherry  .H. Military Power

Centrally Administered Territories
Population [edit] 
India is currently the second largest country in the world in terms of population. If the world's population is divided into six parts, then one-sixth of the population is India. India is home to 17.5% of the world's population. Looking at the various population statistics and ratios, experts say that by 2025, India will become the world's first largest country and its population will exceed that of China. [9]
More than 50% of India's population is under the age of 25. In India, people between the ages of 1 and 35 make up 65% of the population.
Languages ​​[edit] 

There are more than 1000 ethnic groups in India who speak more than a thousand languages. The four major family languages ​​of the world (Dravidian languages, Indo-European languages, South Asian languages, Chinese-Tibetan languages) are present in India. India is the birthplace of two major oral families (Indo-Aryan languages ​​and Dravidian languages). The first is spoken by 74% and the second by 24% of the population. Other languages ​​include linguistic families such as South Asian languages ​​and Chinese Tibetan. [10] Hindi is the most widely spoken language. [11] [10] English is well-known throughout the country. The English language is widely used in business, education and administration.
Religion [edit]               

Religion in India is characterized by diversity of religious beliefs and practices. According to the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of 1976, India is a secular state, which means that the state will treat all religions equally. The subcontinent is the birthplace of many major religions; That is, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. Throughout India's history, religion has been an important part of the country's culture. Religious diversity and religious moderation were both established in the country by law and custom; The Constitution of India clearly states that religious freedom is a fundamental right. [12]

Today, India accounts for 90% of the world's Hindu population. Most Hindu samadhis and temples are in India, as is the birthplace of most Hindu saints. Allahabad hosts the Kumbh Mela, the world's largest religious pilgrimage, where Hindus from all over the world come to bathe at the confluence of the three sacred rivers of India, the Ganges, the Jumna and the Saraswati. In the West, Indian immigrants have popularized many aspects of Hindu philosophy, such as yoga, meditation, Ayurveda, priesthood, karma and reincarnation. [13]
According to the 2011 census of India, 79.8% of the total population are Hindus and 14.2% are Muslims, while 6% are of other religions like Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism etc. Christianity is the third largest religion in India. Parsis and Jews settled in ancient India, today they number in the thousands.
Culture [edit]
                                                  


Indian culture for a detailed article.
India's history is thousands of years old, so it has become a geographical region and India has seen a lot of diversity. The vast majority of India's population is Hindu. However, there is never a single definition of who a Hindu is. Many members of the Arya Samaj do not believe in idolatry but are Hindus. The people of Brahmo Samaj are also Hindus with the belief of Tawhid. Most people in Hindu Dharma believe in polytheism and idolatry, but they also accept them. The limit is that even atheists who do not believe in God are Hindus.
In the past, India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, was an atheist. [14] For this reason, the right front here considers every Indian a Hindu and tries to present the word Hindu in the sense of Indian. [16] However, not everyone agrees with this. Nevertheless, India is a secular country. Just as there are temples here and there, so are mosques, churches and gurdwaras. Some time ago in the country, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was the President of the Republic who was a Muslim. Similarly, Giani Zil Singh was the President of the Republic of India even though he was a Sikh. Dr. Manmohan Singh was also a Sikh and was the Prime Minister of India for ten years.
Similarly, there are many languages ​​and dialects in India, but despite making Hindi the official language of the federal government in the country, they have not been able to give it the status of national language. [17] Probably a factor as to why they're doing so poorly. People speak modern Bhojpuri language which is very similar to Hindi language and people of both languages ​​speak in the same way, understand each other. However, Bhojpuri people have started considering their language as different from Hindi. The same is true of Rajasthani language and some other dialects. The largest anti-Hindi protests have taken place in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. [18] As a result, most madrassas in the state do not teach Hindi. There have also been disputes over central and state languages ​​in India. [19] In addition, the issue of giving Urdu the status it deserves has been one that political circles have not taken seriously. [20] Nevertheless, India has established a global identity as a multilingual country. It has also undergone several international studies.
Due to the predominance of male offspring in Indian culture, the practice of female abortion has caused confusion in the ratio of male to female children. [21]
Indian literature              


Indian literature for a detailed article.
There has been a dearth of written traditions in ancient India. In Hinduism, the religiously sacred four Vedas flourished through oral traditions. Many other books have come into existence in the later period inspired by him. Such as Upanishads, Up Vedas, Pran, Brahmana, Athas etc.
From the time of the ancient Rajagans and Maharajagans to the time of Muslim sultans and Mughals, court poets and historians have been encouraged. In some parts of India, the conqueror Mahmud Ghaznavi commissioned his court poet Ferdowsi to write his own history entitled Shahnameh. When Ferdowsi wrote the Shahnameh in all honesty, Badshah refused to give the promised reward. In such a situation, Ferdowsi became ill-tempered and left the court. He began to believe that Mahmud's lack of royal blood may have been the reason he broke his promise. Shortly afterwards, Mahmoud Ghaznavi regrets what he did and delivers the promised money to Ferdowsi's house. But then he dies. Her daughter refused to accept the prize money, saying that if she did not keep her promise, what would she get out of it? [22]
Among the Mughal kings, Akbar encouraged many writers. In later times, this enthusiasm became even greater. The last Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar was a poet himself. He encouraged many people like Ustad Zauq and Mirza Ghalib who were poets. [23]
Rabindranath Tagore wrote Gaitanjali in British India, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. [24]
Even in independent India, many writers passed away in India. The country's first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru wrote a historical document Discovery of India. Well known author Arundhati Rai has written a novel called Siske Lok, for which he was awarded the Booker Prize. [25]
Games [edit]                 


Ancient sports that are extinct all over the world are still popular in India and are played such as Kabaddi, Kho Kho, Pehlwani and Guli Danda. Some forms of Asian martial arts such as Kala Ralitto, Musti Yodda, Slambam and Marma Adi are produced in India. Chess is generally considered to be a game invented in India and is becoming very popular all over the world today and the number of Indian Grandmasters is increasing. ۔

Land and population and more.
High place, Kangjanjka, low place, Kotanad (2 meters)
Area, 3287263 Sq. Km.
Capital, New Delhi, Official Language, Hindi, English, Population, 1326093812, July 2020.
Governance, Federal Republic,
The highest office, Ram Nath Kavand,
Legislature, Parliament of India, Judiciary, Supreme Court of India, Working Committee, Government of India, Establishment Day, 15th August, 1947, Minimum age of marriage 18, 21 years, Compulsory education (minimum age) 6 years. Compulsory education (maximum age) 14 years

Unemployment Rate 4% (2014), Currency Indian Rupee, Central Bank ,Reserve Bank of India, Zone Time, Indian Standard Time, Traffic Direction, Left, International Phone Code +91

1. National animal    
 
2. National bird

3. National tree

4. National flower

5. National Heritage Animals


6. National Aquatic Marine Mammals

7. National reptile


8. National hereditary mammalian

9. National fruit


10. National Temple     


11. National river 



12. National mountain


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